Multimedia2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multimedia2 - Essay Example The use of charts, black board and different aid material viz. TLM (Teachers Learning Materials) in the classrooms from decades, itself provide the need for introduction of multimedia in learning process. The effective use of multimedia in teaching and learning helps the children to develop a range of skills. It widens the knowledge and understanding of ICT (Information and Communication Technology). Childrens writing skills improve as they write and rewrite. Editing tools make it easier for them to draft and redraft their work. Motivation is raised because children can write for a real audience and because the presentation of work is impressive. Use of different drawing packages helps them draw pictures and using the digital cameras, video recording and recording their own voices and adding them in their presentation makes this an enjoyable medium for them to work in (Pillai). Shneiderman et al. (1995) discuss the effects of introducing technology into the classroom in terms of the paradigm shifts that result. All of the existing systems they discuss, and all of the attempts we know of, have one common feature that we are trying to avoid. Technology in the hands of the student usually translates into a workstation at each desk. This approach is fine, even necessary, for classes that involve computer-based activities (such as programming). We want to investigate the usefulness of alternative interfaces that are less intrusive and allow natural handwritten note-taking, such as pen-based laptops, PDAs, tablets, or palmtop PCs. According to Hill, M & Novelli, J (1994) â€Å"the simplicity and power of multimedia encourage teacher creativity and self-directed student learning. Its also a whole lot of fun!†. The learning by fun is always encouraged due to its emotional effect on psyche with no tension of learning and memorizing encumber in school syllabus for the examinations. The mind of the students will not be tired of knowledge and they will

ABORTION AND EUTHANASIA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

ABORTION AND EUTHANASIA - Essay Example t abortion should be prohibited on moral grounds as it is like killing a person while others believe that abortion should not be prohibited as it has nothing to do with morality and it is necessary for society, sometimes, to avoid unwanted situation (Warren, 832). Those who advocate for prohibiting abortion believe that abortion is killing a fetus before birth which is an act of murder on both human and moral grounds. They are of the opinion that the abortion can only be allowed in exceptional cases like when the life of mother is at stake or the pregnancy is a result of rape or forced sex or any similar situation. Those who believe that abortion should not be prohibited in case argue that besides danger to mother’s life and pregnancy as a result of rape or forced sex there are many more reasons which influence the decision of abortion. Sometimes women conceive due to failure of contraceptive measures and they are either not ready or not capable of bringing up a child and birth of a child can be a burden on them. On other occasions the woman who has conceived can be poor, disabled, under-age or unmarried and is not able to bring up a child. In those circumstances, if she is prohibited for abortion it becomes a burden for her whole life . They also reason it as it should be the discretion of the woman to decide about her life and the baby. The fetus cannot be considered as a person as it does not have any characteristics of personhood such as sentience, emotion, reasoning, communication capability, self awareness and morality. Similarly, they cannot be considered as a human being as they don’t have any characteristics of a human (Warren, 833). Moreover, the galloping population of the world can also be controlled to some extent by legalizing abortion because in the countries where abortion is not legalized people have to bear the burden of unwanted children which become a burden on humanity in many cases. Therefore, abortion must be legalized all across the

Developmentally Appropriate Practices For Students Education Essay

Developmentally Appropriate Practices For Students Education Essay Developmentally appropriate practices (DAP) describe an approach to education that focuses on the child as a developing human being and lifelong learner. This approach recognized the child as an active participant in the learning process; a participant who constructs meaning and knowledge through interaction with others, friends and family, materials and environment (Houser, D. Osborne, C). Developmentally appropriate practices require teachers to make decisions in the classroom by combining their knowledge of child development with an understanding of the individual child to achieve desired and meaningful outcomes (Houser, D. Osborne, C). Research shows that developmentally appropriate practices ensure success in the early grades (Novella, R.). The approach fosters active participation by the child in the learning process. In this process of learning, the teacher acts as the facilitator and guides the child through the activities of the day, in order to reach an outcome the child feels is meaningful. The NAEYC has supportive evidence that suggests that the success or failure of a child in his or her early stages in school could predict the outcome of how they perform later in school (Houser, D. Osbourne, C). This is why there is so much importance placed upon developmentally appropriate practices. Teachers need to realize that teaching methods do have an effect on how students academically develop later in life. An adaptation from the Developmentally Appropriate Practices in Early Childhood Programs, published by the NAEYC, mentions guidelines to help teachers through the DAP process. The Franklin Public Schools, in Franklin MA, made an adaption of the guideline areas, and divided them into four major areas. The areas mentioned are environment, curriculum, assessment, and instructional strategies. Since there is such an importance placed on developmentally appropriate practices, teachers can look at these four major areas to help foster positive learning and optimal development of young children. In the environment area, teachers create an engaging, and responsive environment to enhance the childs learning and development. This type of DAP is applicable to all grade levels. The classroom is supposed to enhance exploration, observation, experiment, and allow for risk taking in a safe environment. If students feel comfortable within their environment, then creative learning will occur. Curriculum planning should be based on how children learn best. For teachers to effectively employ DAP, they must have a thorough understanding about how children develop and learn, therefore, combining this knowledge with the frameworks designated by a given state, teachers should be equipped with adequate resources to help children reach his or her full potential. To optimize each childs progres s in learning, instructional strategies can be used by teachers to ensure success. An example a teacher might use as an instructional strategy would be to observe and interact with whole groups, small groups, or even individually. The benefit to instructional strategies is that it helps students to be motivated and promotes the willingness to take risks. Teachers should ask questions, make comments, and give feedback. This will help stimulate childrens thinking and learning. Assessment in a developmentally appropriate classroom is ongoing, authentic, and purposeful. The developmental needs of students are assessed, teachers adapt instruction to these needs, and the results of assessment are used to improve instruction. Development is an important aspect to how and why children learn. Children pass through several stages before becoming adults. There are four stages of growth where children learn certain things: infancy (birth to age two), early childhood (ages 3 to 8), later childhood (ages 9 to 12), and adolescence (ages 13 to 18) (Borgen, W. Norman, E.). For teachers to effectively teach and understand students, the need to identify developmental behavior is a necessity. Adolescence is the beginning of a more complex thinking process. Since this age group encompasses those from the ages of thirteen to eighteen, teens in this developmental phase experience a variety of behavioral changes. The Adolescent Assessment textbook mentions that in cognitive development, thinking changes both quantitatively and qualitatively during adolescence. Adolescents can think faster and more efficiently than children (Gumbiner, 2003, p.27). Typical cognitive behaviors that adolescent youth encounter are: developing advanced reasoning skills, developing abstract thinking skills, and developing the ability to think about thinking (Novella, R.). Advanced reasoning skills involve answering the question, what if? This skill includes thinking about multiple options and possibilities. The use of more hypothetical and logical thinking skills are used to process information. Abstract thinking is the use of thinking about things that do not actually exist. Prime examples of this type of thinking skill would be religion, faith, or trust. The development of the ability to think about thinking is a process known as meta-cognition. As defined by Websters dictionary, meta-cognition is the awareness or analysis of ones own learning or thinking process. This thinking strategy can be used to improve learning, and an example of this development strategy would be creating mnemonic devices. Cognitive development changes can affect teens in a number of ways. One affect is that teens demonstrate a heightened level of self consciousness. Teens tend to believe that everyone is as concerned with their thoughts and behaviors as they are. Teens also tend to believe that no one has ever experienced the same feelings or emotions as they have. The coined phrase drama queen comes to mind in regard to this statement. In adolescent youth, often heard phrases are, Youll never understand, or You have ruined my life. Another typical cognitive behavior in the adolescent youth is the, It cant happen to me or the, Im invincible syndrome. Teens often use this belief to make risks like drinking and driving, smoking, or other harmful and thoughtless behavioral decisions, without thinking of the consequences. Cognitive behaviors such as the tendency to become overly cause-oriented and to exhibit a justice orientation are also very present in adolescent development. An example of cause-oriented behavior would be a teen becoming vegetarian after reading about cruelty to animals. Justice oriented behavior is the ten dency of teens to point out flaws between adults words and their actions. Teens may confront their parents by saying something like, But you let Johnny (big brother) go to the prom when he was a sophomore. They see little room for error and view points are seen more in black and white, rather than gray. The adolescent youth face many social and emotional development issues. At the adolescent stage in a teens life, establishing an identity, autonomy, and achievement are important developmental components (Novella, R.). As a teenager, one of the most important tasks is trying to answer the question, Who am I? This question, however, is one that teens think about throughout the course of their adolescent years. Teens use the thoughts and opinions of others to come to their own likes and dislikes. They begin to integrate the opinions of people like their parents, other adults, and friends to come their own beliefs and values. Teens who have a secure identity know where they do, or dont fit in the world. A very important social developmental component is the ability for teens to establish autonomy. Autonomy does not mean being a loner and totally independent from others. Autonomy refers to becoming an independent person within relationships (Novella, R). This means that teens have gained the ability to make independent decisions based on what they feel is right or wrong. Autonomy is important for adolescent teens because it helps them become less emotionally dependent on parents. To become self-sufficient in society, autonomy is a necessary achievement for teens. Achievement is also an important social development behavior for teens because it helps them realize their strengths and weaknesses. Competition and success are valued attitudes in the American culture. The American culture is immensely influenced by competition. There has been a large increase in the number of reality shows produced like, American Idol and Americas Got Talent. These shows epitomize the essence of completion in American culture today. Individualism and purpose, in social cognition development, as stated in the Adolescent Assessment textbook, mentions that, moral reasoning is based on rewards and self-interest. In other words, a teenager will work hard to obtain good grades to be accepted t o a prestigious university (Gumbiner, 2003, p.27). Teens need to study their strengths and realize where their achievement preferences are, and in what areas they are willing to strive for success (Novella, R.). Every teenager is unique and will invariably experience different social and emotion development issues. There are a variety of typical behavior patterns of social behavior development. Teens begin to spend more time with their friends than their parents. Also, teens may begin to keep a journal as part of tracking ones own thought and opinions. This method helps teens work through how they feel. Teens may begin to lock their bedroom door. This is a way teens wish to establish privacy. Other behaviors include the involvement of multiple hobbies and the elusiveness about where they are going or with whom. Teens may become more argumentative, or not want to be seen with parents in public. Although teens may be more argumentative and not want to be seen in public with parental figures, they may begin to view parents more as people. Teens may start asking questions like, I wonder what my parents were like as a teen? (Novella, R.). Britannica Encyclopedia defines psychomotor learning as, development of organized patterns of muscular activities guided by signals from the environment. This type of behavior combines cognitive functions and physical movements. Learning is demonstrated by physical skills such as movement, strength, speed, etc. An example of psychomotor assessment that the Classroom Assessment textbook mentions would include testing of students keyboarding skills in computer class or students prowess in shooting a basketball in gym class (Popham, 2008, p.35). In psychomotor development, the focus is on coordinated learning from the arms, hands, feet, fingers, while verbal processes are not emphasized. For adolescent teens, behavioral examples would include driving a car, and any eye-hand coordination tasks, such as athletics, or playing musical instruments. For teachers, the cognitive, social/emotional, and psychomotor development of adolescent teenagers can have an impact on learning. It is important for teachers to know what they can do to effectively reach teenage students. It would be beneficial for teachers to be able to relate to his/her students in whatever way possible. Gaining respect from teens is an important element that can aid teachers in behavioral development. If students know you listen and care about them, you will earn their respect, and they will be more likely to share their feelings. To combat the cognitive behavior of it cant happen to me, teachers can provide opportunities for teens to participate in supervised risky behavior such as extreme sports. Lots of schools have athletic teams like wrestling, or rugby, which are intense sports. Teens tend to want to get involved with things that have deeper meanings, so encouraging students to get involved with community service activities, or other school related activit ies, like student government, can greatly benefit student behavior. Teachers can take the opportunity to discuss students view and opinions about certain topics in the news, or on television. This can help with the development of personal beliefs, and help engage students to think independently. The impact of learning that the social/emotional development can have on teens is that this is the time when teens are trying to establish themselves. Assigning activities like weekly personal reflections or discussions of current events could help teens begin to think about their own thoughts and opinions in certain topics areas. This also helps students gain confidence in discussing their beliefs in front of the class. Another useful method may be to include more group involvement. Since teens like to be with other teens, let them work on tasks together. This could encourage social and problem solving skills. It is important for teachers to take development into consideration when planning lessons and activities for the classroom. Knowing how and why students act the way they do is important to effectively reaching the classroom audience. Since adolescent teenagers are concerned with friends, image, psychomotor development tasks, such as sports, then knowing these motivational behaviors can help a teacher know how to get through to his/her students. If you have an educational objective that is pretty cut and dry, then finding a way to either incorporate kinesthetic movement, or social interaction will probably increase the likely hood that students will master that objective. At the adolescent age, teenagers are very focused on factors other than school. It would be beneficial for teachers to realize the cognitive, social/emotional, and psychomotor development behavior of teens at this age. This would allow the teacher to have a better grasp on why students behave the way they do. Teacher s can have a major impact on students during this time in their life. There are a variety of changes, both physical and non-physical that are occurring to students in the adolescent stages of development. Teens face both challenges at home and at school. A teacher can benefit by being open minded and creative in creating lesson plans. Teens at this age enjoy moving around, working in groups, and talking out loud, so incorporating these elements into projects or assessments may prove to be successful. Lastly, the importance of being a good listener will be stressed again. Students at this age have a lot going on in their lives. Having a teacher who is willing to develop a personal relationship with his/her students creates a trusting environment. A trusting environment will lead to respect; respect leads to open ears, open ears leads to mastery of knowledge, and mastery of knowledge leads to a happy classroom.

student :: essays research papers

Identification/description of alternatives Provide better customer service Toys â€Å"R† Us can increase the level of customer satisfaction by providing good customer service. Friendly and well trained employees who understand customer needs better and who understand the importance of satisfying the customers will not only assist in encouraging customers to shop at Toys â€Å"R† Us but also contribute to differentiating the company from its competitors. It is important to make each customer feel important and to serve each customer feel like he/she is the only customer. Provide better shopping experience It is key for Toys â€Å"R† Us to make the shopping experience unique and fun. The experience would encourage the parents and their children to stop and shop more often. The unique shopping experience can make the store the best place to shop for toys. The experience would leave a lasting impression in the minds of customers and would make them want to come back and come often. Setting up a game room at the store would attract kids to come to the store to try out new games, interact with other kids and also provide the store an opportunity to introduce and market new products and while the families enjoy a unique and fun shopping experience. Introducing characters in the store like Goeffrey the Giraffe would provide entertainment to the families and improve the shopping experience. Promotions Toys â€Å"R† Us can attract customers by sending out discount coupons and providing special discounts on occasions. Providing various incentives based on what customers spend would help increase consumer spending. Customers buy several toys throughout the various ages of their kids and more than often buy toys for various kids in their family and for friend’s kids. Incorporating rewards/points systems helps Toys â€Å"R† Us establish a long-term relationship with the customer and the relationship only grows as the customer buys each time at the store. This â€Å"lock-in† mechanism would also play a vital role in bringing the customers back to the store as opposed to shopping at the competitor’s store for their needs. 3 in 1 experience The company can bring its umbrella of product offerings from its various stores such as Toys â€Å"R† Us, Kids â€Å"R† Us and Babies â€Å"R† Us under one roof. Providing several products in one store provides the customers more than one reason to stop at the store. Families with kids in different age groups and families with varying needs can find their needs in one place presenting the customer with a â€Å"one stop† shopping experience.

Organic Chemistry Essay

For the cycloalkanes, one hydrogen atom has to be removed from each end of the hydrocarbon chain, therefore resulting to a deficit of two hydrogen atoms unlike in the case of alkanes. What is the three dimensional structure of methane? Why? Methane represents a tetrahedral structure. This is because the structure permits the orbitals to be as far apart and the hydrogen atoms directed to the corners of the tetrahedron when the carbon is bonded to four other atoms Name one structural and one chemical difference between acetylene and ethylene. Give reasons. Acetylene has a carbon to carbon triple bond whereas ethylene has a carbon to carbon double bond. Acetylene is made by high temperatures partial oxidation of methane while ethylene is made from the hydration of ethane What is the formula of 1, 3-butadiene? CH2==CH  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ CH==CH2 Why is benzene much less reactive than 1, 3, 5-cyclohexatriene? Benzene has a carbon to carbon double bound that is alternating and strongly attracted to another therefore making it unable to undergo an additional reaction like 1, 3, 5-cyclohexatriene who’s covalent bonds allows it to undergo an additional reaction. Why is the benzene molecule represented as â€Å"a flat cyclohexane with a ring inside? † Benzene has alternating double bounds that are usually in rotation in its structure Why do cis and trans isomeric compounds exhibit different properties? In cis isomeric compounds the methyl groups are located o the same side of the molecule while in trans isomers the methyl group are locate on the opposite sides. This in return indicates that the polarity of trans isomeric compounds is canceled out as compared to that of cis isomeric compounds. What is the difference between hydration and hydrogenation reactions? Hydration involves an addition reaction where water is used as the hydrant while hydrogenation involves a reducing reaction where hydrogen is used. Reference Robert Thornton Morrison. (1996). Organic chemistry sixth edition Morrison new jersey

Hospital Budget

Patton-Fuller Community Hospital Budget Over the years financial management has been a concept that is flourishing in the world of health care. â€Å"Until the 1960s, financial management in all industries was generally viewed as descriptive in nature, with its primary role being to secure the financing needed to meet a business’s operating objectives† (Gapenski, 2008, pg. 26). However, today, financial management holds a more significant role in the management of businesses overall. Now, the primary role of financial management is to plan for, acquire, and utilize funds (capital) to maximize the efficiency and value of the enterprise† (Gapenski, 2008, pg. 26). Similar too many happenings in health care, the specific goals of a business’s management financially is highly dependent on the nature of each particular business. Overall, financial management is a practice that will provide the theories, tools, and concepts needed in order for a company to make be tter decisions.The Patton-Fuller Community Hospital is one of these companies that take advantage of the financial management practices in order to make better decisions. Recently, a 2010 budget was developed using the 2009 projections, assumptions, and figures. The purpose of this paper is to analyze that budget and discuss which financial management practices will be most effective for this organization as well as which practices will be the least effective.The 2010 budget developed for the Patton-Fuller Community hospital projects that there will be a slight increase in total revenue, total expenses, and net income that will allow the organization to continue to make its turnaround in the following year. There are several financial management practices that will be helpful for the Patton-Fuller Community Hospital. The first financial management practice that will be effective for this hospital is evaluating and planning. This involves evaluating current operations of the organiza tion and evaluating their financial effectiveness in order to plan for the future.This can be anything from the organizations requirements in areas of managing cash to budgeting and reporting financial results. Continuing to produce projected budgets and assumptions for following years will ensure that Patton-Fuller Community Hospital is evaluating their financial situation often, and producing and expectant budgets for analyses. These projections will also allow them to plan for future increases or decreases in areas such as patient volume, utilities, supplies, salaries or ash on hand, so they do not come as a surprise. Giving the hospital an opportunity to plan for future events and accommodate for situations and operations that are either working for or against them, will help to keep the hospital from experiencing unexpected negative effects. The next financial management practice that will be most effective is long-term investment decisions. These decisions will focus on acquir ing new facilities and equipment, as well as the implementation of new strategic plans in the future of this organization.As far as equipment is concerned, the new budget specifies that new high-cost equipment has been installed within the last year. Air conditioning, telephone systems, all patient beds, and headwalls were replaced in 2009. It also states that depreciation rose sharply, however it is going to remain the same in 2010. Knowing that these improvements will not cost this organization money this year will allow them to plan ahead for capital investments, and possible expansion of the facility that will bring in more money for following years.Financial decision practices are going to be effective as well. â€Å"All organizations must raise funds to support operations. Such decisions involve the choice between internal and external funds, the use of debt versus equity capital, and the use of long-term versus short-term debt† (Gapenski, 2008, pg. 27). Applying this p ractice to the Patton-Fuller organization will help them to decide if the number of fundraisers needs to be increased, or whether more short-term or long-term investments will prove to be more useful.Despite only a slight increase in revenue, the Patton-Fuller Community Hospital must still support facility upgrades as well as maintenance and costly health information technology. The income that investments provide is typically viewed as an extra source of funding that this organization cannot go without. This type of practice will also be useful for the marketing department who projected in the 2010 budget that donations will be increased by 15%, which will also add to the hospitals expenditures in a capital budget.A financial management practice that may prove less effective for this hospital is contract management. â€Å"In today’s healthcare environment, health services organizations must negotiate, sign, and monitor contracts with managed care organizations and third-par ty payers† (Gapenski, 2008, pg. 28). The complexities that come with third-party repayment means that a large amount of time and resources are being spent on burdensome accounts, bills, and collection processes, instead of focusing on activities that will bring revenue into the company. Historically, the practice of finance had been driven by the Medicare program, which demanded that providers (primarily hospitals) churn out a multitude of reports both to comply with regulations and to maximize Medicare revenues† (Health Care Finance, 2012, para. 6). In order for a company to be financially functional, they must support cost containment efforts as well as be able to lead their company into the future, not just record what is happening and may be in the past. Spending less time negotiating with third-party payers will open up more time and resources that can be focused on increasing hospital revenue.When an organization is in a time of high profitability and is experienci ng an abundance of financial resources, the function of financial management tends to decline in importance. In an effort to control this decline, â€Å"Providers have been redesigning their finance functions to recognize the changes that have been occurring in the health services industry† (Health Care Finance, 2012, para. 9). That way they do not experience a time of fall because of their disregarding of these practice. Recently, a 2010 budget was developed using the 2009 projections, assumptions, and figures for the Patton-Fuller Community Hospital.The purpose of this paper was to analyze that budget and discuss which financial management practices were most effective for this organization as well as which practices were the least effective. Having strong financial management practices is vital to any organization as well as the economic well-being of the health care industry as a whole. ? References Gapenski, L. (2008). Understanding Healthcare Financial Management (5th e d. ). Chicago, IL: Bookcomp. Health Care Finance. (2012). Hospitals move to cash investments. 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